One of the greatest mysteries of human existence is the expansion of the universe and, in principle, depending on where we look, the universe expands at different rates.
To understand the expansion of the universeIn recent years, astronomers have used both the Hubble Space Telescope and the more recent telescope James Webb, to try to solve that mystery that the universe seems to expand at different speeds, depending on where we look. This problem is called Hubble voltage.
To try to understand this problem, different measurements were carried out between 2019 and 2023 with the most advanced telescopes that humans have created.
After that, they recently carried out a triple verification, but with both telescopes working togetherand where they have ruled out any measurement error by suggesting that there may be something wrong with our understanding of the universe.
Methods to calculate the Hubble constant
Two methods are currently being used to calculate the Hubble constant, which describes the expansion rate of the universe.
First involves examining fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background. This was between 2009 and 2013, where astronomers mapped these fluctuations in the cosmic background, using the European Space Agency’s Planck satellite.
The other method uses pulsating stars called Cepheid variables that are dying. Their outer layers of helium gas grow and shrink as they absorb and release the star’s radiation, causing them to flicker periodically.
As these Cepheids get brighter, they pulse more slowly, allowing us to measure their absolute brightness.
By comparing the absolute brightness with the observed one, the Cepheids can be chained in a cosmic distance to go beyond deep space. With this method, astronomers can find a precise number for its expansion.
Of course, according to this second method, lThe expansion rate of the universe is a totally different value than the first method of Planck measurements..
Well, at first it was thought that this disparity could be due to measurement error, but after using the James Webb, it was confirmed that Hubble’s original measurements were correct.
So, to try to do this triple check, they have now built on previous measurements and observed an additional 1,000 Cepheid stars in five host galaxies 130 million light years from Earth.
After comparing his data with that of Hubble, confirmed that these constant measurements were correct.
“We have now covered the full range of what Hubble observed and can rule out measurement error as the cause of the Hubble strain with very high confidence,” he said. Adam Riess , professor of physics and astronomy at Johns Hopkins University. “Combining Webb and Hubble gives us the best of both worlds. We found that Hubble’s measurements remain reliable as we move up the cosmic distance scale.”
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