Georgia It is the last country that managed to obtain, in December 2023candidate status for enter the European Union (EU). This is the first condition to join the organization within a process with requirements and stages, which are supervised from Brussels and culminate with the accession of a territory.
First you have to comply with the Copenhagen Criteria, requirements to be met by the candidate, which the EU adopted in 1993 and which range from democratic stability to the protection of human rights, among others. The country that wants to enter has to submit an application to the Council of the European Union. In that process, the European Comission advises the Council of the European Union, who will decide whether or not to grant candidate status.
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Once declared a candidate, the country has to adopt new laws or initiate a series of reforms. These transformations and requirements are divided into 35 chapters, formally called ‘community acquis’, and are divided into different economic, social or judicial criteria, among others. It is necessary for the country to fully adopt the 35 blocks of the ‘acquis communautaire’ to enter.
You can’t know how long the country accession process, since it depends on the pace or speed with which these reforms are adopted. The European Commission has to evaluate whether the candidate country is ready to enter once this process is completed. If so, a treated with conditions for your entry, including the date. This document must be approved by all the institutions of the European Union, all its member countries and the candidate country.
Currently there nine candidate countries to enter the EU: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Türkiye and Ukraine. Of them, three countries have already started their negotiations: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and North Macedonia. Three others (Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey) have completed some of the requirements included in the 35 ‘acquis communautaire’ blocks.
Albania He has been a candidate since 2014 and his negotiations started in 2022. Bosnia and Herzegovina It has been a candidate since 2022 and is the last country to have started its negotiations, in March 2024. Georgia She was recognized as a candidate in 2023. Moldova and Ukraine obtained candidate status in 2022, the same year in which they applied to be part of the Union. The Commission agreed to start accession negotiations in December 2023.
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North Macedonia It has been a candidate since 2005 and negotiations for its accession began in 2022. Montenegrocandidate since 2008, and Serbia, since 2012, are countries that have already started some of the reforms that include the 35 blocks of the ‘acquis communautaire’. The same thing happens with Türkiyeofficial candidate since 1999, but relations with the EU have varied in recent years.
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